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Technical Background

About cement
Plant layout
About clinker
Clinker phases
Clinker thermodynamics
Clinker analysis
Special clinkers
White cement
Roman cement
Glossary

Data sheets

Air composition
Enthalpy of formation
Coal
Coke
Gas
Oil
Waste fuels
Molecular Masses
Cement Minerals
Gravity
Water Vapour Pressure
Gas Density
Density of Water
Enthalpy of Gases
Enthalpy of Raw Materials
Enthalpy of Clinker Minerals
Electric Generation Efficiency

Cement Plants

Plants

Aberthaw
Adamant
Afonwen
Albion
Arlesey
Artillery
Ashby
Atlas
Aylesford
Ballyconnell
Barhams
Barnstone
Barrington
Barrow
Barton
Beaver
Beddington
Beehive
Bevans
Billingham
Borstal Court
Borstal Manor
Bottisham
Brading
Bridge
Bridgwater
Britannia
British Standard
Burham
Burwell
Cam Blue Lias
Cauldon
Chinnor
Cliff House
Cliffe
Cliffe Creek
Cliffe Quarry
Clitheroe
Coltness
Cookstown
Cousland
Crown & Quarry
Crosfield
Crown (Frindsbury)
Crown (Northfleet)
Crown Quay
Cuxton
Dartford
Deepfields
Deptford
Derrylin
Ditton
Dolphin
Dovercourt
Down End
Drinagh
Drogheda
Droylsden
Dunball
Dunbar
Dunstable
East Anglian
Ellesmere Port
Elmley
Falcon
Faversham
South Ferriby
Gateshead
Gillingham
Globe (Frindsbury)
Grays
Greenhithe
Halling Manor
Harbury
Harefield
Hartlepools
Hauxton
Hebburn
Holborough
Hollicks
Hope
Humber
Imperial
Isis
Jarrow
Johnsons
Kent
Ketton
Kinnegad
Kirtlington
Kirton Lindsey
Lees
Lewes
Limerick
Linley
Llandaff Yard
London Portland
Lyme Regis
Magheramorne
Martin Earles
Masons
Meldreth
Metropolitan
Mitcheldean
Newbold
Newhaven
Nine Elms
Norman
North Hylton
Northam
Northfleet
Oldbury
Oxford
Padeswood
Paradise
Penarth
Peters
Phoenix
Pitstone
Platin
Plymstock
Premier
Pylle
Quarry
Queenborough
Rainham
Red Lion
Rhee Valley
Rhoose
Rialto
Ribblesdale
Ringsend
Robins
Rochester
Rodmell
Romsey Town
Rotherhithe
Rugby
Saffron Walden
Saxon
Sharps Green
Shield
Shoreham
Sittingbourne
South Durham
South Hylton
Southam
Spinx
Standard
Stockton
Stoneferry
Sundon
Swanscombe
Teynham
Thames
Tower
Tunstead
Union
Upnor
Vectis
Waldringfield
Wallsend
Wareham
Warren
Weardale
Weekes
Wenlock
West Kent
West Thurrock
Westbury
Westons
Whitehaven
Whitewall
Widnes
Willington
Wilmington
Wishaw
Wilkinson & Leng
Wouldham
Wouldham Court
Miscellaneous plants

Cement Companies

Alpha
APCM
Blue Circle
BPCM
Castle
CRH
John Bazley White
Lafarge
Red Triangle
Rugby
Company List

About raw materials

Chalk - general
Cam Valley Chalk
Medway Chalk
Thames Chalk
Middle Jurassic
Blue Lias
Palaeozoic
Raw materials in Ireland
Waste Raw Materials
Raw material preparation

Kilns

Early kilns
Rotary kilns
Early rotary kilns
Rotary kiln design
Wet & semi-wet process kilns
Dry process kilns
Lepol kilns
Long dry kilns
Suspension preheater kilns
Precalciner kilns

Coolers

Grate coolers
Planetary coolers
Rotary coolers

Firing systems

Exhaust gas handling

Kiln control

Plant suppliers

Edgar Allen
F L Smidth
Fellner & Ziegler
Klockner Humboldt Deutz
Ernest Newell
Polysius
Vickers

Other technical advances

Size Reduction and Grinding

Trends

Sources

List of Old Writings

Northfleet in the time of James Parker
Henry Reid on Rugby
Biography of Carl Otto Trechmann
Parker's Patent
Frost's Patent
Aspdin's Patent
John Hudson Earle on Otto Kramer Trechmann
John Hudson Earle on Harold Anderson
I C Johnson's experiments on Portland Cement
Prospectus of APCM
The First British Rotary Kiln
Stokes' kiln in The Engineer
The first planetary cooler
Folkestone Cement Plant
Widnes Downtime Analysis
Joseph Aspdin Memorial
Spackman on Ireland
Rotary kiln at Gibbs Works
Cement Industry in the Northeast
Macrosty on APCM
Early C20 capacities
Lewis on Grays and Cliffe
APCM in 1924
BPCM in 1924
1924 Plant Schedules
1901 Opinions on Rotary Kilns
BPCRA Progress Reports
BPCRA Report 1
BPCRA Report 2
BPCRA Report 3
BPCRA Report 4

Essays

History
APCM
Martin Kiln Gases
Orsat
Clinker Thermodynamics
Historic Cements
Chiltern Chalk
Historic Cement Composition
1924 Cooperages
1924 Coal Mills
Robins Kilns
Motive Power
Coal Rank
Drogheda Plant Visit