Location:
- Grid reference: TQ72637640
- x=572630
- y=176400
- 51°27'37"N; 0°29'6"E
- Civil Parish: Cliffe, Kent
Clinker manufacture operational: 1874-1914, 1919-1921
Approximate total clinker production: 0.95 million tonnes
Raw materials:
- Upper Chalk (Seaford Chalk Formation: 85-88 Ma) from nearby quarry at 572600,176300
- Alluvial Clay from pits at 572000,176900
Ownership:
- 1854-1876 I. C. Johnson and Co. Ltd
- 1876-1886 Empson, Holcombe and Co.
- 1886-1900 Francis and Co. Ltd
- 1900-1921 APCM (Blue Circle)
Although it has often been referred to as "Johnson's Works", Johnson never made cement here. The site was used by Johnson solely as his quarry, the chalk being moved by canal or tramway to his Cliffe Creek plant. In the later years, Johnson focused his attention on his Gateshead plant, and having decided to set up his plant at Greenhithe, he sold the quarry to Empson Holcombe - a front organisation for Francis & Co. - in 1876. The latter then proceeded to construct kilns. In 1878 a set of twelve Michele chamber kilns (300 t/week) was built at the north end of the site. By 1881, a further four kilns had been added to the block. Between 1897 and 1908, a further six kilns were added to the north (180 t/week). The rating in 1920 was 700 t/week. The plant was described in detail in the APCM 1924 schedule. After closure, the whiting plant, on the creek opposite the old works, continued in operation. There was no rail link, and all product was shipped from the pier on the creek. The cement plant itself was abandoned after closure. Part of it was built over by an oil depot, but the northern chamber kiln block remains intact, and there is some move to preserve it.
Power supply
The entire plant was direct-driven by steam engines - one of 200 HP for raw grinding and and one of 300 HP for finish grinding.
Rawmills
Used only washmills; 18' primary and secondary mills and two 16' finishing mills.
No rotary kilns were installed.
Sources::
- Primary Sources:
- Greenhithe Archive
- F. H. Lewis, The European Cement Industry, Engineering Record, 1899, pp 12-13
- APCM 1924 schedule
- Ordnance Survey 1:2500 mapping
- BGS mapping and monographs
- Confirmatory Sources:
- Francis, p 173
- J. M. Preston, "Cliffe Industrial Landscape", in Richard James, Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment Cliffe Pools RSPB Reserve, Kent, 2007
- Eve, p 21